Thursday, March 19, 2015

Glucose


Normally, the glucose concentration in extracellular fluid is closely regulated so that a source of energy is readily available to tissues and no glucose is excreted in the urine.

Normal Range: 60-115 mg/dL

increased in: Diabetes mellitus, Cushing's syndrome (10-15%), chronic pancreatitis (30%) Drugs: corticosteroids, phenytoin, estrogen, thiazides
 
Decreased in: Pancreatic islet B cell disease with increased insulin, insulinoma, adrenocortical insufficiency, hypopituitarism, diffuse liver disease, malignancy (adrenocortical, stomach, fibrosarcoma), infant of diabetic mother, enzyme deficiency diseases (galactosemia, etc). Drugs: insulin, ethanol, propranolol, sulfonylureas, tolbutamide, other hypoglycemic agents. 
 
Additional: Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is consistent with a fasting plasma glucose >140 mg/dL on more than one occasion. Hypoglycemia is defined as glucose <50 mg/dL in men and <40 mg/dL in women.

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