Alkaline
phosphatases are found in liver, bone, intestine, placenta.
Normal Range: Method and age dependent
increased in: Obstructive hepatobiliary disease, hepatotoxic drugs, bone disease (physiologic bone growth, Paget's disease, osteomalacia, osteogenic sarcoma, bone metastases), hyperparathyroidism, rickets. Benign familial hyperphosphatasemia, pregnancy (3rd trimester), GI disease (perforated ulcer or infarct).
Decreased in: Hypophosphatasia.
Additional: Normal
in osteoporosis. Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme separation by electrophoresis
or differential heat inactivation is unreliable. Use g-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT), which increases in hepatobiliary disease, to infer origin of increased
alkaline phosphatase (ie, liver or bone).
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